Recreating the Horizontal Magnetic Field at Colaba During the Carrington Event With Geospace Simulations

Abstract An intriguing aspect of the famous September 2, 1859 geomagnetic disturbance (or “Carrington” event) is horizontal magnetic ( B H ) data set measured in Colaba, India (magnetic latitude approximately 20°N). The field exhibits a sharp decrease over 1,600 nT and quick recovery about 1,300 nT, all within few hours during daytime. mechanism behind this has previously been attributed to magnetospheric processes, ionospheric processes or combination both. In study, we outline our efforts replicate low‐latitude using Space Weather Modeling Framework. By simulating an extremely high pressure solar wind scenario, can emulate surface signal at Colaba. simulation, currents adjacent near‐Earth magnetopause strong Region 1 field‐aligned are main contributors large Colaba . rapid simulated scenario due retreat these as magnetosphere expands, opposed ring current dynamics. addition, find that best emulated observations Carrington event had minimum calculated Dst value between −431 −1,191 indicating may not be suitable estimate storm intensity for kind event.